Oracle 数据库的启动需要在 oracle 用户下进行，先切换到 oracle 用户

chmod 755 /bin

su – oracle

启动监听：

oracle@rd-oracle:~> lsnrctl start

进入到 sqlplus 启动数据库实例：

oracle@rd-oracle:~> sqlplus /nolog

连接到 sysdba

SQL> conn /as sysdba

Connected.

启动数据库实例

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 588746752 bytes

Fixed Size 2215584 bytes

Variable Size 264241504 bytes

Database Buffers 318767104 bytes

Redo Buffers 3522560 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.





关闭数据库实例

SQL> shutdown immediate

关闭监听

>lsnrctl stop

如果启动实例时出错：

提示：

SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file

'/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initjsoracle11g.ora'

解决方法：

cd /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/

cp init.ora.6312012112327 /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/

mv init.ora.6312012112327 initjsoracle11g.ora

如果有下面的错误：

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.



Total System Global Area 304807936 bytes

Fixed Size 2212856 bytes

Variable Size 104860680 bytes

Database Buffers 192937984 bytes

Redo Buffers 4796416 bytes

ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode





SQL> shutdown immediate

ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.

解决方法：

linux-k1hq:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs # ls lkORCL

lkORCL

linux-k1hq:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs # fuser -u lkORCL

lkORCL: 8021(oracle) 8027(oracle) 8031(oracle) 8033(oracle)

8037(oracle) 8039(oracle) 8041(oracle) 8043(oracle) 8045(oracle)

8047(oracle) 8049(oracle) 8051(oracle) 8063(oracle) 8077(oracle)

8139(oracle) 8141(oracle) 8200(oracle) 8202(oracle)

linux-k1hq:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs # fuser -k lkORCL

lkORCL: 8021 8027 8031 8033 8037 8039 8041 8043 8045

8047 8049 8051 8063 8077 8139 8141 8200 8202

linux-k1hq:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs # fuser -u lkORCL

再次启动，OK：

oracle@linux-k1hq:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs> sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jul 31 12:14:05 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.





SQL> conn /as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.





Total System Global Area 304807936 bytes

Fixed Size 2212856 bytes

Variable Size 104860680 bytes

Database Buffers 192937984 bytes

Redo Buffers 4796416 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.